The 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Microbial Toxins and Pathogenicity is an outstanding forum to acquire cutting-edge knowledge on microbial pathogenesis. The organization of the conference includes seminars on the basic mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, from primarily bacterial systems, with seminar sessions on toxin biochemistry and biogenesis, molecular and cellular pathogenesis, and infection and immunity. Seminars will also be presented that translate knowledge of basic mechanisms into therapeutic advances. Speakers include established investigators, as well as, junior investigators who show exceptional promise. Seminar sessions are chaired by prominent researchers who will provide an overview of the session topic and place the speakers' work into the context of the session. Discussions are led by the session chairs and provide an opportunity for the exchange of new ideas and perspectives. In addition to the seminar sessions, the conference includes well-attended and highly interactive poster sessions. The 2010 conference will be preceded by the Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) on Microbial Toxins and Pathogenicity. The GRS is planned by and for post-doctoral and pre-doctoral trainees in the field of microbial pathogenesis and provides an opportunity for our future leaders to present their research as seminars and posters in a collegial and interactive environment. Attendance at the GRS will add great value to the Gordon Research Conference experience for these junior investigators.