The 2010 Gordon Conference will continue the tradition of presenting cutting-edge basic and applied research in postharvest plant physiology. With the advent of modern plant biotechnology, it is imperative to integrate new knowledge and vision with the traditional disciplines and associated advancements devoted to delivering a safe, sustainable supply of perishable food products to the entire world. Postharvest losses can be greater than 50% in developing countries, hence one theme for this conference concerns contributions of postharvest biology and technology research to alleviating world hunger and malnutrition. Postharvest crop losses are not restricted to actual physical damage, as optimal quality and nutritional benefits are compromised without substantial technological inputs throughout the handling chain. All the energy and resource inputs devoted to crop husbandry and harvesting fresh produce are lost if the product is not marketed and consumed. A second theme regards the role of fruits and vegetables in disease prevention and human nutrition. Quality, availability and convenience of fresh produce will result in increased consumption that benefits consumer health. Finally, as with all mature technologies, postharvest handling and processing must become more sustainable. Postharvest storage life can be measured in terms of appearance, flavor, texture, nutrition, safety and sustainability. Fresh produce must first be safe, and won’t sell if it has poor appearance. Repeat sales, however, have more to do with internal quality characteristics such as flavor, texture, and (thanks to the ever more educated consumer) nutrition. As a result, it is the aim of this conference to present the latest information on: manipulation or maintenance of ripening, ethylene, firmness, nutrition and flavor, prevention of decay and maintenance of food quality and safety of whole and fresh-cut products, new technology in packaging, traceability, as well as efforts to reduce energy input in postharvest systems.