The 2010 Reproductive Tract Biology Gordon Research Conference will be the 19th in a series of conferences that are usually held every other year since its inception in 1973. The 2010 Conference will present cutting-edge basic, translational, and clinical research on the formation, function, and pathology of the male and female reproductive organs across a wide spectrum of mammalian animal models (laboratory, livestock, and wild) and in humans. The conference begins with two keynote lectures on frontier research in testicular and ovarian biology. Subsequent sessions focus on the testis, male reproductive tract (epididymis, prostate, external genitalia), ovary, oviduct, uterus, placenta, fetal-maternal interactions, and pathologies of the reproductive tract organs. The invited speakers include senior and junior scientists who represent an exciting spectrum of scientific disciplines, including biochemistry, molecular biology, structural biology, genetics, genomics, cell biology, developmental biology, physiology, and imaging. The Conference provides opportunities for junior scientists and graduate students to present their research in two poster sessions and exchange ideas with leaders in the field. In addition, there are eight open slots for 15-minute platform presentations that will be selected from abstracts. This conference has traditionally had a very collegial atmosphere with numerous opportunities for informal gatherings in the afternoons and evenings, providing a wonderful setting for scientists from different disciplines to discuss science and facilitate collaborations.