The Gordon Research Conference on Nucleic Acids was first established more than 50 years ago. Since that time the field of nucleic acids has exploded with tremendous discoveries regarding the chemistry, functional potential and biologic significance of nucleic acids. Through these advances the Nucleic Acids GRC has provided a critical forum for discussion of new ideas by promoting interaction between investigators specializing in all the diverse areas of nucleic acids research. In particular, the past decade has brought renewed recognition and excitement regarding the breadth of nucleic acid functions in cells (i.e. all classes of non-coding RNAs) and the extent to which various steps in nucleic acids biosynthesis and processing are mechanistically intertwined. The involvement of RNAi in chromatin silencing and remodeling is a prime example for the usefulness of bringing seemingly diverse areas of nucleic acid researchers together. The 2011 meeting of the Nucleic Acids GRC will highlight recent advances in these areas of DNA and RNA biology, biochemistry and biophysics with a view toward identifying emerging concepts and technologies in these fields. Specific topics of discussion will include: Nucleic acid structure and catalysis, Transcription and chromatin dynamics, Ribosome function and biogenesis, DNA replication, RNA stability and export, Genomic integrity, Non-coding RNA function and biogenesis, and Co- and Post-transcriptional RNA processing. Young scientists, or those newly engaged in nucleic acids research, will be particularly encouraged to attend and present; with time built into the schedule for short talks selected from submitted abstracts.