Reactive oxygen species (ROS) figure prominently in a broad array of biological contexts, including antimicrobial activity, signal transduction, vascular tone, oxygen sensing, endothelial cell function, cell growth and differentiation, fibrosis and tissue remodeling, wound healing, carcinogenesis, thyroid hormone synthesis, vestibular function, plant innate immunity, microbial differentiation, and a host of post-translational changes in biomolecules. The NADPH oxidase (Nox) proteins, a recently identified family of homologues structurally related to gp91^phox in phagocytes, provide the non-mitochondrial ROS that contribute to many physiologic functions as well as participate in significant plant and animal pathophysiology. This meeting will examine the structure, cellular and tissue distribution, biochemistry, regulation, and physiology of the members of the Nox protein family. Included in the meeting's purview are the contributions of Nox proteins to the biology of unicellular organisms, plants, and animals, with a strong emphasis on the latter. Sessions encompass ongoing work in specific organ systems (cardiovascular, neurologic, pulmonary, immunologic, and endocrine), plant as well as non mammalian animal biology, fundamental aspects of oxidant-dependent cell signaling and beyond! The program will also include: (1) late-breaking work that surfaces just prior to the meeting and (2) shorter presentations selected from the abstracts submitted by attendees as part of the application process. Effort will be made in this way to highlight and to promote the ongoing work of younger scientists in the field.